Suchergebnisse

Oil extraction and connexions as witness lately has displace pastoralists from significant grazing sites and migratory routes. This has resulted in actual livelihood problems and high levels of concern. Turkana County land is almost all communal land held in trust by the county government of Turkana for pastoralist communities, but the majority has been allocated as oil blocks in agreements with investors. It is uncertain how much land will ultimately be inaccessible to pastoralist. Extraction of oil can upsurge inequality, ensconce separations among different groups which possibly fuel conflict which will widen the gap between government and people thus promoting inequality. The main objective of the study was to find out how oil extraction impact pastoralists' livelihood especially in Turkana East and South in Turkana County. Descriptive survey research design was applied whereby simple random technique was used on stratified samples. Instruments of data collection were; questionnaires, focused group discussions, interview schedules and observation. The study found out that Oil exploration exacerbates water scarcity as a lot of ground water is required in every step and land will be lost to the extracting companies for creation of Oil camps, roads networks and has started to deny the pastoralist pasture land for their animals. The findings indicated that the livelihood of the Turkana people is largely based on nomadic pastoralism. The health of pastoralists is in danger since water streams and rivers have been contaminated with toxics discharges from the explorations and drilling of oil in Turkana County. Fire flaring and emission of toxic gases to air has started causing eye and skin complications. Government should carryout thorough assessment on oil exploration and drilling to ascertain the impact of their entire process. In addition, better local and national policies on oil extraction be formulated and regulations put in place.

Abstract : African countries endowed with natural resources, especially oil have seen violent conflicts due to poor management of the natural resources. Violent conflicts largely where local communities have been systematically excluded from decision-making processes and when the economic benefits are concentrated in the hands of a few thereby causing economic disequilibrium in the society. Misuse of the natural resources has frequently been cited as the main factor that activates, increase or support violent conflicts around the world. When the key stakeholders disagree on the management, distribution and protection of natural resources and related bionetworks. Natural resource conflicts arise when parties disagree about the management, distribution and protection of natural resources and related ecosystems. These conflicts can heighten into brutal relations and violence when the parties are incapable or reluctant to engage in a positive process of dialogue and conflict resolution. While there are many issues associated with extractive industries, the role of natural resources in triggering, escalating or sustaining violent conflict is the focus of this survey and consequently offer relevant in reducing these conflicts so that the natural resources found in Turkana County can truly be a blessing and a catalyst for poverty reduction in Turkana County. Conflict turns out to be difficult once societal mechanisms and institutions for handling and determining conflict break down, giving way to violence. Societies with weak institutions, fragile political systems and divisive social relations can be drawn into cycles of conflict and violence. Preventing this negative spiral and ensuring the peaceful resolution of disputes is a core interest of the international community. The general objective of the survey was to offer strategies in reducing conflicts associated with extractive industries. The methodology used in this survey was both qualitative and quantitative. The research design employed was descriptive survey ...